|
Crucifixion and Shroud Involvement
General
Considerations:
1. Studied the Shroud and Crucifixion for over 50 years
(1948-present)
2. Granted the privilege of examining the Shroud out of its
case with several
other world renowned scientists. March 5, 2000 and the privilege of
examining the Shroud in September 2002 after the restoration procedure
where the patches and Holland cloth were removed.
3. Viewed, studied and photographed the Shroud during the 10/27
to 10/8, 1978
Exposition of the Shroud in Turin. (4 times), during the 6/7thru 6/10,1998
Exposition (3 times) and following removal of patches (one time) up close.
4. Attended the Secundum Inter Nationes Symposium de
Sindonologia in
Turin on 10/7 and 8, 1978, the last 2 days of the exposition.
5. First founder and President of the Association of
Scientists and Scholars
International for the Shroud of Turin (ASSIST).
6. Recognized internationally as one of the major authorities on
medical aspects of
crucifixion and the Turin Shroud.
7. Presented over 500 lectures on the Crucifixion and the
Shroud.
8. Performed several hundred suspensions with volunteers on a very
accurate cross where electronic blood oxygen levels ( blood gases,
ear oximetry) blood pressures, stress EKG changes, respiratory gas
measurements, visual measurements, strain gauge measurements ( to determine pull
on the hands) utilizing state of the art medical and scientific equipment.
9. Studied and photographed fibers from image and blood areas
of the Shroud by light, polarizing and phase microscopy with the assistance of
Zeiss scientists and equipment.
10. The St. Joseph Hospice mattress cover, brought from
England to my laboratory by Father O’Leary was intensively studied chemically
and by light, polarizing and phase microscopy. 3d photographs were
made in cooperation with the late Dr. Giovanni Tamburelli of the Centro
Studi e Laboratori Telecomminicazioni in Turin.
11. Examined, and photographed the True copy of the Summit, New
Jersey Shroud with a group of scientists, photographers etc. Performed
intensive studies of the Hand Wound of the Shroud in the anatomy lab, in
the early 50’s, consultations with hand surgeons, and literature studies and
actual defense wound studies corresponding to the hand wound where the entry was
in the palm and exit exactly where the Shroud shows it.
Major Achievements:
1. First to determine that the cause of death in
crucifixion was due to hypovolemic and traumatic shock and not due to
asphyxiation
2. First to show that the straightening and sagging
theory on the cross is physically impossible.
3. First to show that the so called bifurcation
image pattern was not due to a change in angle of the wrists and not due to
straightening and sagging..
4. First to show that the nails pierced the
upper part of the palms of the hands and not through the wrists.
5. First to measure the exact pull on the
hands during crucifixion when the feet are secured utilizing highly
sophisticated, state of the art, strain-tension equipment and to show that
the tension formula ( 2 times the cosine of the angle of the arms with the
upright of the cross) which had been universally accepted is not applicable to
crucifixion when the feet are secured to the upright of the cross.
6. First to refute and prove incorrect, the
widely held hypothesis that injury to the median nerve was the reason that the
thumbs do not show on the Turin Shroud and to demonstrate why the thumbs
do not show.
Major Presentations:
1.
Paper presented, The Forensic Way of the Cross and the Shroud at
the Grand Opening of the new Fatima Shroud Center , Fatima, Portugal,
April 27, 2002.
2. Paper presented, New Experimental Studies in
Crucifixion at the IV Symposium Scientique International Sur Le Linceuil
de Turin, at Centre Chaillot-Galliera, Paris, April 25-26, 2002.
3. Paper presented, Experimental Studies in Crucifixion at the
International
Conference on the Shroud of Turin: The Shroud in the New Millennium, Dallas,
TX. October 25-28, 2001.
4.
Paper presented,
Forensic and Clinical Knowledge of the
Practice of
Crucifixion; "A Forensic Way of the Cross"
at the
International Scientific Symposium, The Turin Shroud, past, present and Future,
Turin , Italy March
2-5, 2000..
5. Paper presented, " The Hand Wound
Controversy" at the International
conference, Multidisciplinary Investigation of an Enigma: New
Research at the Shroud of Turin Center, Richmond, Va.,
June 18-20, 1999.
6. Two papers, "Death by Crucifixion"
and "The Hand Wound" presented at the III International Congress for
the Study of the Shroud in Turin, Italy on June 6,1998
7. Guest Speaker Scientific and Technological
Literacy Lecture Series 1994-1995, “Is the Turin Shroud a Product
of the Middle Ages?”, Joyce Auditorium Murphy Science and
Technology Center, Iona College, May 4, 1995.
8. Two papers presented, “Medical
Aspects of the Turin Shroud” and “Image Examination
Techniques—Illustrated from the Image on the St. Joseph’s Hospice
Care Facility Mattress Cover, London and their Possible Applications to the Shroud of Turin,
at the New York International Symposium,
The Shroud of Turin, (The current state of the question.)
at Columbia University , Kathryn Bache
Miller Auditorium, N.Y.C. organized by
American Shroud of Turin Association, Ltd. (ASTA) March 3, 1991.
9. Paper presented, “Barbet Revisited”
at the Symposium Scientifique International De Paris sur le Linceul de
Turin, organized by Center Internationale d”Etudies sur le Linceul de
Turin (CIELT), at the Chaillot Gallierein Paris, September 1989.
10.
Guest Speaker, Bureau of Science Education, New York Education
Dept. Univ. of State of N.Y. “A Forensic Pathologist Investigates the
Shroud of Turin, Concord Hotel, Kiamesha Lake April 10, 1987.
11.
Paper presented, “Death by Crucifixion”
American Academy of Forensic Sciences 35th Annual Meeting,
Cincinnati, Ohio , forensic pathology section, attended by forensic
pathologists from all over the U.S., Canada and other parts of the world
February 19, 1983.
12.
Guest Lecturer, British Shroud
of Turin Society (BSTS), “The Hand
Wound, the Missing Thumb and Cause of Death by Crucifixion” London,
March 1987.
13.
Guest Speaker, Cultural and Performing Arts Series, “The Shroud
of Turin”, Alfred State University, March 24, 1983.
14.
Paper presented, “Death by Crucifixion”
American Academy of Forensic Sciences 35th Annual Meeting,
Cincinnati, Ohio - February 19, 1983, forensic pathology section, attended by
forensic pathologists from all over the U.S. , Canada and other parts of the
world.
15.
Guest Speaker,
New York State Science Supervisor’s Association,
Is the Turin Shroud a Fraud?,
Hartwood College, Oneonta, N.Y. August 24, 1982.
16. Guest
Lecturer, Annual Science Lecture Series, “The Forensic
Pathology of Crucifixion” - -Rockland Community College October
1981
17. Guest
Speaker, John Jay College of Criminal Justice of Univ. of New York -The Forensic
Pathology of Crucifixion –New York City- October 1981
18. Guest
Speaker International Association for Identification,- A Forensic
Pathologist Investigates the Crucifixion, Hotel Thayer, West Point, N.
Y. John Jay College of Criminal Justice of Univ. of New York Mar. 13-14, 1981
Shroud and Crucifixion Publications:
Zugibe, F.T., Our
Crucified God. Tertiary Topics 14:1-4, 1961.
Zugibe, F.T., The Cross and
the Shroud - A Medical Examiner Investigates the Crucifixion Angelus/Exposition
Press, Smithtown, N.J., 1982.
Zugibe, F.T., The Cross and
the Shroud - A Medical A Medical Inquiry into the Crucifixion Paragon
House, New York 1988
Zugibe, F.T., "Did Christ Have
Marfan's Syndrome?" La Sindon", Turin, Italy, Dec. 1983
Zugibe, F.T., "Death by
Crucifixion" - Can. Soc. For. Sci. Jour. 17:1-13, 1984
Zugibe, F.T., The Death of
Jesus; A Medical/Forensic Inquiry into the Crucifixion and the Shroud of Turin.
B.Evans Publ. in press.
Zugibe, F.T., Death by
Crucifixion, Queries, Comments, Biblical Archeology
Review 11:24, 1985.
Zugibe, F. T., "New Evidence
May Explain the Image on the Shroud: Queries and Comments. Biblical Archaeology
Review 13 (1987): 63‑65.
Zugibe, F.T., The Cross
and the Shroud - An Inquiry into the Crucifixion,
Second Edition - Paragon House Publishing Co., New York 1988.
Zugibe, F. T., Crucifixion of
Jesus: Two Questions About Crucifixion: Does the Victim Die of
Crucifixion? Would Nails in the Hands Hold the Weight of the Body?
Bible Review: Vol. V: 34 - 43, Mar. 1989.
Zugibe, F.T. The Man of the
Shroud was Washed. Sindon:171-179,1989. [Also appears on the internet
at
www.shroud.com/zugibe]
Zugibe, F.T., Barbet
Revisited, Sindon, N.S. Quad. N. 8, 109-124, 1995. [Also
appears on the internet at
www.shroud.com/zugibe2].
Zugibe, F.T., Death by
Crucifixion in the Proceedings of the III International Congress for
the Study of the Shroud, Turin, It. (June 6,1998)
Zugibe, F.T., The Hand Wound"
in the Proceedings of the III International Congress for the Study
of the Shroud, Turin, It. (June 6,1998)
Zugibe,F.T. The Hand
Wound Controversy in the Proceedings of the International
Conference, Multidisciplinary Investigation of an Enigma: New
Research, Richmond, Va. (
June 18-20, 1999).
Zugibe, F.T. The Hand
Wound on the Shroud in Proceedings of the 1998
Dallas Symposium, The
Shroud of Turin; Unraveling the Mystery
edit. By Adler, A., Piczek,
D.I., and Minor, M. Alexander Books, North Carolina,
pges.254-258, 2000
Zugibe, F.T.
Forensic and
Clinical Knowledge of the
Practice of
Crucifixion; "A Forensic Way of the Cross" Proceedings
of the International Scientific Symposium, The Turin Shroud, past, present
and future, Turin, It. (4-/ 2-5, 2000).
Zugibe, F.T. Experimental
Studies in Crucifixion in Proceedings of the 2001 Dallas
Symposium, The Shroud in the New Millennium, in press.
Zugibe, F.T. New Experimental
Studies in Crucifixion in Proceedings of the IV Symposium Scientique
International Sur Le Linceuil de Turin, April 2002 in press.
Documentaries
1. The Shroud of Turin , CBC,
Easter 1992).
2. HOW JESUS DIED, the final 18 hours
, Videocassette (35 minutes) Trinity Pictures, 1994. [ Appears
periodically on the Learning Channel.
3. Faith v. Science -Australia, III Int. Congress, Turin 1998,
60 Minutes. appeared in Australia and throughout Europe. Fall 1998.
4. History's Mysteries: The Shroud of Turin. The History Channel.
First appearances, 4/3/00 and 4/21/00.
5. The Shroud of Turin: FOCUS, Channel WLAE,
New Orleans 4/4/ and 4/5/00.
6. A Forensic Way of the Cross: FOCUS,
Channel WLAE, New Orleans
4/4/00.
7.
The Son of Man Series, BBC, Easter week
2001.
8.
Jesus the Man, Discovery Channel., Easter week
2001.
9. Stigmata and The Shroud of Turin,
In Search Of (July 2001.)
10. Stigmata
Learning Channel. (Sept. 2001.)
11.
Shroud of Turin. Did Leonardo DaVinci Paint the Shroud Image
National Geographic. Due Spring-Summer 2002.
12.
The Mystery of Jesus, CNN September
2003.
13. Secrets of the Dead
Thirteen/WNET and Channel 4(Brit), Apri l6, 2004
Top
of Page
|
